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We directly observed real-time production of single protein molecules in individual Escherichia coli cells. A fusion protein of a fast-maturing yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) and a membrane-targeting peptide was expressed under a repressed condition. The membrane-localized YFP can be detected with single-molecule sensitivity. We found that the protein molecules are produced in bursts, with each burst originating from a stochastically transcribed single messenger RNA molecule, and that protein copy numbers in the bursts follow a geometric distribution. The quantitative study of low-level gene expression demonstrates the potential of single-molecule experiments in elucidating the workings of fundamental biological processes in living cells. (More...)

 
 
 

According to very recent study published (Feb, 2008) in the American Thoracic Society's American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, as opposed to expected, vitamin supplements do not protect against lung cancer. Rate of lung cancer development was analyzed over four years and its correlation with current and past vitamin usage, smoking, and other characteristics such as demography and medical history was explored. Citing Dr. Slatore, the researchers of the published article: "Our study of supplemental multivitamins, vitamin C, vitamin E and folate did not show any evidence for a decreased risk of lung cancer." Also, Dr. Slatore says that the participants with increased intake of vitamin E had slightly higher risks of lung cancer. Further information in the article: Long-Term Use of Supplemental Multivitamins, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and Folate Does Not Reduce the Risk of Lung Cancer by Christopher G. Slatore, Alyson J. Littman, David H. Au, Jessie A. Satia, and Emily White published in American. Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2008; 177: pp. 524-530.
 
 

sbestos is a group of minerals with long, thin fibrous crystals. The word "asbestos" is derived from a Greek adjective meaning inextinguishable. The Greeks termed asbestos the "miracle mineral" because of its soft and pliant properties, as well as its ability to withstand heat. Asbestos became increasingly popular among manufacturers and builders in the late 19th century due to its resistance to heat, electricity and chemical damage, sound absorption and tensile strength. When asbestos is used for its resistance to fire or heat, the fibers are often mixed with cement or woven into fabric or mats. Asbestos is used in brake shoes and gaskets for its heat resistance, and in the past was used on electric oven and hotplate wiring for its electrical insulation at elevated temperature, and in buildings for its flame-retardant and insulating properties, tensile strength, flexibility, and resistance to chemicals. The inhalation of asbestos fibers can cause serious illnesses, including mesothelioma and asbestosis. Since the mid 1980s, many uses of asbestos are banned in many countries. (From wikipedia)
 
 


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Quorum sensing provides a mechanism for bacteria to monitor one another's presence and to modulate gene expression in response to changes in population density. Autoinducers are packaged in a variety of ways and have varying half-lives, depending on their roles. Autoinducer signals are integrated within each cell by second-messenger systems, probably by cdiGMP signaling. (More...)

How does a DNA repair enzyme find a deleterious base lesion within a huge excess of normal base pairs? Banerjee et al. show that a bacterial DNA glycosylase can examine an intact DNA helix, and does not need to extrude damaged base pairs. Instead, a conserved phenylalanine residue inserts into the helical stack and causes buckling at the intercalation site. (More...)

 
 


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